By J.W.L. Beament
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Additional resources for Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 4
Example text
Thus it seems that insect muscles are similar to vertebrate muscles (Frank, 1960; Niedergerke, 1956; Edman and Schild, 1962) in requiring calcium ions for contraction. , 1964). A relaxing factor whose action is antagonized by calcium ions has been isolated from locust skeletal muscles by Tsukamoto and his colleagues (quoted in Maruyama, 1965). 7. The effects of treatment with EDTA and subsequent addition of calcium chloride on the potassium contracture of the mesothoracic extensor tibiae of Schistocerca.
Pharmacology of inhibition y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) reduces the membrane resistance, causes hyperpolarization, and diminishes the excitatory postsynaptic potentials of fibres which are innervated by the inhibitor axon. Hence it apparently produces the same effects on the muscle fibre membrane as the inhibitory transmitter substance. Picrotoxin reverses these effects, and also diminishes the size of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. In these respects the pharmacology of inhibition in insects is identical to that of the crustacea (van der Kloot, 1960).
Cowan, S. and Walker, R. J. (1965b). The presence of glutamate in nerve-muscle perfusates of Helix, Carcinus, and Periplaneta. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 15,485-502. Kerkut, G. , Shapira, A. and Walker, R. J. (1965a). The effect of acetylcholine, glutamic acid and GABA on the contractions of the perfused cockroach leg. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 16, 37-48. Keynes, R. D. (1963). Chloride in the squid giant axon. J. Physiol. 127, 90-103. Kuffler, S. W. (1946). The relation of electrical potential changes to contracture in skeletal muscle.