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A Social Geography of England and Wales by Richard Dennis

By Richard Dennis

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Extra info for A Social Geography of England and Wales

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Firstly, for any particular decade, the range of growth rates is much greater for small than for large towns. Calculating the mean growth rate and standard deviation for towns in TABLE 4 . 3 . Urban and rural population growth in England and Wales, 1801-1911 (after Law, 1 9 6 7 ) Population figures in millions Urban Total Date Growth Index 1801 1851 1871 1891 1911 100 202 255 326 406 Popn. 1 Growth Index 100 322 492 718 946 Rural Popn. 5 Growth Index 100 140 134 126 129 Popn. 6 The Modernization of English Society 70 + 1 1821-31 60- 1821-31 50 40 30 20 10 H ' 0 -j-10 • - 2 0 ~j 1000 10000 1871-81 Growth rate 1871-81 100 1000 10000 1901-11 + 1 standard deviation Mean (x) -1 standard deviation 1901-11 7 ' 10 100 1000 Population (in thousands) 10000 i - - i • - o) I ^ s s - 0 i ) = t 0 ; ) 0 % ) -•] 0 ° CO CD Size groups of towns (in thousands) Size a r o U D S of t o w n * ; f i n t h n i K r i n r U l F I G .

The Census of England and Wales defined 'urban' as everywhere not lying in administrative rural districts. survived until local government reorganization in 1973 — were counted as 'urban'. 2). By 1951 such a small proportion of the population lived in rural areas that it was difficult for the urban proportion to increase any more, although in absolute numbers the urban population has continued to grow. Since the Second World War it seems that the urbanization process has gone into reverse. 3 per cent of the total population of England and Wales.

Growth rates and town size in England 1973). and Wales, 1801-1911 (after Robson 43 44 A Social Geography of England and Wales different size classes we find a pattern of decreasing variance with increasing city size (Fig. 2). Robson explains this by associating urban growth with the adoption of industrial and commercial innovations. He assumes that most innovations, such as new industrial processes, new systems of financing like banks and building societies, new forms of communication such as telephones and telex, and new forms of power supply for heating, lighting and industry, are adopted first in the largest cities and then diffuse down the urban hierarchy to successively smaller towns and outwards according to a distance-decay effect to more remote towns.

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