By Edited by Ian Flood , Raja R . A . Issa , and William J . O’Brien
The development company is being reworked through visible modelling. instruments reminiscent of 3D/4D CAD and digital fact are actually in frequent use in building. This ebook is either a survey of the alterations being made in perform and a close advisor to destiny instructions for examine and improvement. This booklet incorporates a variety of precise case reviews and examples, making it a superb source for practitioners, researchers, and scholars looking to comprehend the main points of ways new instruments and strategies are utilized in a enterprise context.
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Additional info for 4D CAD and visualization in construction: developments and applications
Example text
Animation/simulation for construction planning. Engineering, construction, and operations in space: Proceedings of space 88: 670–678. ASCE. , Jr. 1989. Real-time animation of construction activities. Proceedings of construction congress I—Excellence in the constructed project: 238–243. ASCE. Collier, E. & Fischer, M. 1995. Four-dimensional modeling in design and construction. Technical Report, Nr. 101. Stanford, CA: Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE). Collier, E. & Fischer, M. 1996.
Simple extrusion on wire. Figure 26. Mixture of two types of steel models. Too much data: Sometimes there can be too much information, which slows down the computational processing of the 3D and 4D models. For example, the steel came back from the fabricator with all the bolts and holes modeled, but we did not need this information for the 4D models the GC wanted to create. Figures 25 to 27 show steel handled at two levels of detail for this project. The resolution of certain situations requires more detail, the resolution of others less detail.
As a result of the schedule analysis through the 4D model of the interior construction the GC decided to consolidate the scaffolding contracts for the interior hall from three contracts to Figure 28. CMU wall (in dark green) scheduled too early. qxd 16/Nov/02 28 10:00 AM Page 28 M. Fischer et al. Figure 29. AHU (shown in red) scheduled too late. Figure 30. Scaffolds collide. one contract. The 4D models supported the discovery of these (and many similar issues) during planning, well before construction started.